STM32使用DMA控制脉冲数量
在控制步进电机的时候往往需要控制输出的脉冲数量。本文使用DMA来实现PWM数量。
- 在STM32CubeMX中配置
TIM1定时器
- 配置DMA，设置为
Memory to Peripheral，数据宽度：Half-word（16-bit），模式：Normal（一次性）或 Circular（循环），其他默认。
配置完成后生成代码。
选择为每个外设生成单独的源文件
dma.c和gpio.c中仅包含一般的初始化代码
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file dma.c
* @brief This file provides code for the configuration
* of all the requested memory to memory DMA transfers.
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "dma.h"
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Configure DMA */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/**
* Enable DMA controller clock
*/
void MX_DMA_Init(void)
{
/* DMA controller clock enable */
__HAL_RCC_DMA1_CLK_ENABLE();
/* DMA interrupt init */
/* DMA1_Channel1_IRQn interrupt configuration */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA1_Channel1_IRQn, 0, 0);
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA1_Channel1_IRQn);
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 *//* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file gpio.c
* @brief This file provides code for the configuration
* of all used GPIO pins.
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "gpio.h"
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Configure GPIO */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/** Configure pins as
* Analog
* Input
* Output
* EVENT_OUT
* EXTI
*/
void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */主要的逻辑在tim.c文件中
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file tim.c
* @brief This file provides code for the configuration
* of the TIM instances.
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "tim.h"
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim1;
DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_tim1_ch1;
/* TIM1 init function */
void MX_TIM1_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END TIM1_Init 0 */
TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};
TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};
TIM_BreakDeadTimeConfigTypeDef sBreakDeadTimeConfig = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END TIM1_Init 1 */
htim1.Instance = TIM1;
htim1.Init.Prescaler = 16-1;
htim1.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim1.Init.Period = 100-1;
htim1.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
htim1.Init.RepetitionCounter = 0;
htim1.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim1, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger2 = TIM_TRGO2_RESET;
sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim1, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
sConfigOC.Pulse = 0;
sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
sConfigOC.OCNPolarity = TIM_OCNPOLARITY_HIGH;
sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
sConfigOC.OCIdleState = TIM_OCIDLESTATE_RESET;
sConfigOC.OCNIdleState = TIM_OCNIDLESTATE_RESET;
if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim1, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.OffStateRunMode = TIM_OSSR_DISABLE;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.OffStateIDLEMode = TIM_OSSI_DISABLE;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.LockLevel = TIM_LOCKLEVEL_OFF;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.DeadTime = 0;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.BreakState = TIM_BREAK_DISABLE;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.BreakPolarity = TIM_BREAKPOLARITY_HIGH;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.BreakFilter = 0;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.BreakAFMode = TIM_BREAK_AFMODE_INPUT;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.Break2State = TIM_BREAK2_DISABLE;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.Break2Polarity = TIM_BREAK2POLARITY_HIGH;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.Break2Filter = 0;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.Break2AFMode = TIM_BREAK_AFMODE_INPUT;
sBreakDeadTimeConfig.AutomaticOutput = TIM_AUTOMATICOUTPUT_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIMEx_ConfigBreakDeadTime(&htim1, &sBreakDeadTimeConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END TIM1_Init 2 */
HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(&htim1);
}
void HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* tim_baseHandle)
{
if(tim_baseHandle->Instance==TIM1)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspInit 0 */
/* USER CODE END TIM1_MspInit 0 */
/* TIM1 clock enable */
__HAL_RCC_TIM1_CLK_ENABLE();
/* TIM1 DMA Init */
/* TIM1_CH1 Init */
hdma_tim1_ch1.Instance = DMA1_Channel1;
hdma_tim1_ch1.Init.Request = DMA_REQUEST_TIM1_CH1;
hdma_tim1_ch1.Init.Direction = DMA_MEMORY_TO_PERIPH;
hdma_tim1_ch1.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
hdma_tim1_ch1.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
hdma_tim1_ch1.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_HALFWORD;
hdma_tim1_ch1.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_HALFWORD;
hdma_tim1_ch1.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL;
hdma_tim1_ch1.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_HIGH;
if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_tim1_ch1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
__HAL_LINKDMA(tim_baseHandle,hdma[TIM_DMA_ID_CC1],hdma_tim1_ch1);
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspInit 1 */
/* USER CODE END TIM1_MspInit 1 */
}
}
void HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* timHandle)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
if(timHandle->Instance==TIM1)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspPostInit 0 */
/* USER CODE END TIM1_MspPostInit 0 */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
/**TIM1 GPIO Configuration
PA8 ------> TIM1_CH1
*/
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_8;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF2_TIM1;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspPostInit 1 */
/* USER CODE END TIM1_MspPostInit 1 */
}
}
void HAL_TIM_Base_MspDeInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* tim_baseHandle)
{
if(tim_baseHandle->Instance==TIM1)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspDeInit 0 */
/* USER CODE END TIM1_MspDeInit 0 */
/* Peripheral clock disable */
__HAL_RCC_TIM1_CLK_DISABLE();
/* TIM1 DMA DeInit */
HAL_DMA_DeInit(tim_baseHandle->hdma[TIM_DMA_ID_CC1]);
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_MspDeInit 1 */
/* USER CODE END TIM1_MspDeInit 1 */
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
剩下的逻辑写在main.c中
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
#define PWM_BATCH_SIZE 1000 // 1000 x 2 bytes = 2KB 内存占用
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
static uint16_t pwm_data[PWM_BATCH_SIZE]; // 固定缓存区
static uint32_t total_pulses_remaining = 0;
static uint32_t current_batch_size = 0;
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
void HAL_TIM_PWM_PulseFinishedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim) // 传输完成回调
{
if (htim->Instance == TIM1)
{
if (total_pulses_remaining > 0)
{
current_batch_size = (total_pulses_remaining > PWM_BATCH_SIZE) ? PWM_BATCH_SIZE : total_pulses_remaining;
total_pulses_remaining -= current_batch_size;
// 开始输出脉冲
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start_DMA(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_1, (uint32_t *)pwm_data, current_batch_size);
}
else
{
// 所有脉冲发送完毕
HAL_TIM_PWM_Stop_DMA(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
}
}
}
/**
* @param total_pulses 总的脉冲数
* @param duty_value 占空比对应的 CCR 值（比如 50 表示 50% 占空比）
*/
void Start_PWM_Pulses_DMA_Extended(uint32_t total_pulses, uint16_t duty_value)
{
if (total_pulses == 0) return;
total_pulses_remaining = total_pulses;
// 填充缓存
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < PWM_BATCH_SIZE; i++) {
pwm_data[i] = duty_value;
}
// 启动第一批
current_batch_size = (total_pulses_remaining > PWM_BATCH_SIZE) ? PWM_BATCH_SIZE : total_pulses_remaining;
total_pulses_remaining -= current_batch_size;
HAL_TIM_PWM_Start_DMA(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_1, (uint32_t *)pwm_data, current_batch_size);
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_DMA_Init();
MX_TIM1_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
Start_PWM_Pulses_DMA_Extended(100000, 50); // 输出10万个50%占空比的PWM脉冲
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
*/
HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIDiv = RCC_HSI_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
参考资料：
STM32定时器产生指定个数脉冲 - STM32团队 ST意法半导体中文论坛
基于STM32F429+HAL库编写的定时器主从门控模式级联输出固定个数PWM脉冲的程序 - 飞鸟量天高 - 博客园
代码由 GPT-4o-Latest 生成